Atoms have their electrons arranged in
closed "shells" of different energies. Well, the K-shell is the
lowest energy state of an atom. It can give it enough energy to knock it out of
its energy state. Then a tungsten electron of higher energy (from an outer shell)
can fall into the K-shell.
The energy lost by the falling electron
shows up in an emitted x-ray photon. Meanwhile, higher energy electrons fall into
the vacated energy state in the outer shell, and so on. K-shell emission
produces higher-intensity x-rays than Bremsstrahlung, and the x-ray photon
comes out at a single wavelength.
Tungsten alloy is a main material for X-ray
radiation shielding, for more details, you could visit: http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/X-ray-target-collimator.htm
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