Tungsten X-ray Tubes for Radiation Source

Tungsten x-ray tubes provide a means for generating x-ray radiation in most analytical instruments.

An evacuated tube houses a tungsten alloymaterial which acts as a cathode opposite to a much larger, water cooled anode made of copper with a metal plate on it. The metal plate can be made of any of the following metals: tungsten, copper, cobalt and iron, etc.. A high voltage is passed through the tungsten alloy material and high energy electrons are produced. The machine needs some way of controlling the intensity and wavelength of the resulting light. The intensity of the light can be controlled by adjusting the amount of current passing through the filament; essentially acting as a temperature control. The wavelength of the light is controlled by setting the proper accelerating voltage of the electrons. The voltage placed across the system will determine the energy of the electrons traveling towards the anode.

X-rays radiation source is produced when the electrons hit the target metal. Because the energy of light is inversely proportional to wavelength (E=hc=h(1/λ), controlling the energy, controls the wavelength of the x-ray beam.

What is X-ray Crystallography? - Was ist X-ray Kristallographie?

What is X-ray Crystallography? - Was ist X-ray Kristallographie?

X-ray Crystallography is a scientific method used to determine the arrangement of atoms of a crystalline solid in three dimensional spaces. This technique takes advantage of the inter-atomic spacing of most crystalline solids by employing them as a diffraction gradient for x-ray light, which has wavelengths on the order of 1 angstrom (10-8 cm).

Tungsten heavy alloy is a suitable material for X-ray protection, for more details, you could visit: http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/tungsten-alloy-radiation-shielding.html.

Röntgenkristallographie ist eine wissenschaftliche Methode verwendet, um die Anordnung der Atome in einer kristallinen dreidimensionalen Raum festen bestimmen. Diese Technik nutzt die interatomare Abstand der meisten kristallinen Feststoffe setzen sie als Beugungs Gradienten für Röntgenlicht , das Wellenlängen im Bereich von 1 Angström (10-8 cm) hat.

Schweren Wolfram-Legierung ist ein geeignetes Material für X-ray-Schutz, um weitere Informationen, können Sie besuchen: http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/german/Tungsten-Alloy-Radiation-Shielding.htm.

Does the "K-shell" Another Way of Making X-rays?

Atoms have their electrons arranged in closed "shells" of different energies. Well, the K-shell is the lowest energy state of an atom. It can give it enough energy to knock it out of its energy state. Then a tungsten electron of higher energy (from an outer shell) can fall into the K-shell.

The energy lost by the falling electron shows up in an emitted x-ray photon. Meanwhile, higher energy electrons fall into the vacated energy state in the outer shell, and so on. K-shell emission produces higher-intensity x-rays than Bremsstrahlung, and the x-ray photon comes out at a single wavelength.

Tungsten alloy is a main material for X-ray radiation shielding, for more details, you could visit: http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/X-ray-target-collimator.htm

Does X-rays Making Involve A Change in The State of Electrons?

Bremsstrahlung is easier to understand using the classical idea that radiation is emitted when the velocity of the electron shot at the tungsten changes. This electron slows down after swinging around the nucleus of a tungsten atom and loses energy by radiating x-rays. In the quantum picture, a lot of photons of different wavelengths are produced, but none of the photons has more energy than the electron had to begin with. After emitting the spectrum of x-ray radiation the original electron is slowed down or stopped.

Tungsten alloy is a favorable material for radiation shielding, for more details, you could visit: http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/X-ray-target-collimator.htm

What Is Bremsstrahlung?

X-rays are just like any other kind of electromagnetic radiation. They can be produced in parcels of energy called photons, just like light. There are two different atomic processes that can produce x-ray photons. One is called Bremsstrahlung, which is a fancy German name meaning "braking radiation." The other is called K-shell emission. They can both occur in heavy atoms like tungsten.

Tungsten alloy is a kind of high density material for radiation protection, for more details, you could visit: http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/X-ray-target-collimator.htm

Where Do X-rays Come From?

An x-ray machine, like that used in a doctor's or a dentist's office, is really very simple. Inside the machine is an x-ray tube. An electron gun inside the tube shoots high energy electrons at a target made of heavy atoms, such as tungsten. X-rays come out because of atomic processes induced by the energetic electrons shot at the target.

Tungsten alloy material is a suitable choice for radiation protection, for more details, you could visit: http://www.tungsten-alloy.com/X-ray-target-collimator.htm

How does X-ray Tube Work?

X-ray tube works as follows:

1.The heated filament is positively charged and the tungsten target is negative.

2.Electrons are emitted from the heated filament towards the tungsten target due to the very high potential difference between them.

3.The tungsten target absorbs the electrons and releases some of the energy in the form of X-rays.

This process is very inefficient however and a lot of energy is released in heat. For this reason the tungsten target has a copper mounting because it conducts heat and is cooled with by circulating oil through the mount. Spinning  tungsten target at high speed also helps to stop it overheating.