Radiation Shielding in Medical

With the increasing use of endourologic procedures to diagnose and treat urologic problems, the urologist's exposure to radiation from fluoroscopy becomes an important safety consideration. Although collimation of the x-ray beam generally prevents direct radiation exposure by the urologist, the patient absorbs radiation during the procedure and becomes a secondary source of exposure through radiation scatter.
Then human try to search some material, such as tungsten, which has high density and excellent radiation resistance, to make radiation shielding for preventing the radiation hazard from x-ray, β-ray and γ-ray etc. during endurologic procedures. Urologists should be cognizant of this radiation risk, and the concepts of time, distance, and shielding are critically important to know in efforts to reduce radiation exposure.